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Dabere na interdisciplinary intersection nke physics na ndụ sayensị, diagnostic na usoro ọgwụgwọ dabere na nkenke nkà mmụta ọgwụ na nso nso dọtara nnukwu mmasị n'ihi na bara uru nke usoro injinia ọhụrụ n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ọgwụ, karịsịa na oncology.N'ime usoro a, iji ultrasound na-awakpo mkpụrụ ndụ cancer na etuto ahụ iji mee ka ọ ghara imebi usoro n'ụdị dị iche iche na-adọta mmasị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ụwa.N'iburu n'uche ihe ndị a, dabere na ngwọta oge elastodynamic na simulations ọnụọgụ, anyị na-enye ọmụmụ ihe mmalite nke simulation kọmputa nke mgbasa ozi ultrasound n'ime anụ ahụ iji họrọ ugboro ugboro na ike kwesịrị ekwesị site na irradiation mpaghara.Usoro nyocha ọhụụ maka teknụzụ On-Fiber nke ụlọ nyocha, nke a na-akpọ agịga ụlọ ọgwụ ma nwekwaa ikike ikike.Ekwenyere na nsonaazụ nke nyocha na ihe ọmụma biophysical metụtara ya nwere ike imeghe ụzọ maka nyocha ọhụụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ agbakwunyere nke nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ntinye nke ọgwụ ziri ezi n'ọdịnihu, na-esite na ngalaba physics.Mmekọrịta na-eto eto n'etiti bayoloji na-amalite.
Site na njikarịcha ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ dị mkpa iji belata mmetụta ndị na-adịghị mma na ndị ọrịa ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite.Iji mezuo nke a, ọgwụ ziri ezi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 abụrụla ebumnuche atụmatụ iji belata dose nke ọgwụ a na-enye ndị ọrịa, n'ụzọ bụ isi na-agbaso ụzọ abụọ bụ isi.Nke mbụ dabere na ọgwụgwọ emebere dịka profaịlụ genomic nke onye ọrịa siri dị.Nke abụọ, nke na-aghọ ọkọlọtọ ọla edo na oncology, na-achọ izere usoro nnyefe usoro ọgwụ site n'ịgbalị ịhapụ obere ọgwụ, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-abawanye izi ezi site na iji ọgwụgwọ mpaghara.Ebumnuche kachasị bụ ikpochapụ ma ọ bụ opekata mpe belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọtụtụ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ, dị ka chemotherapy ma ọ bụ nchịkwa sistemu nke radionuclides.Dabere n'ụdị ọrịa kansa, ọnọdụ, dose radieshon, na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọbụna ọgwụgwọ radieshon nwere ike inwe nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na anụ ahụ dị mma.Na ọgwụgwọ glioblastoma6,7,8,9 ịwa ahụ nke ọma na-ewepụ ọrịa cancer na-akpata nke ọma, ma ọbụlagodi na enweghị metastases, ọtụtụ obere ọrịa cancer nwere ike ịdị.Ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị ha kpam kpam, ọtụtụ ọrịa cancer ọhụrụ nwere ike itolite n'ime obere oge.N'okwu a, usoro ọgwụgwọ ziri ezi e kwuru n'elu siri ike itinye n'ọrụ n'ihi na ndị a na-abanye n'ime ahụ siri ike ịchọpụta ma gbasaa n'akụkụ buru ibu.Ihe mgbochi ndị a na-egbochi nsonaazụ doro anya iji gbochie nlọghachi ọ bụla na ọgwụ ziri ezi, ya mere a na-ahọrọ usoro nnyefe usoro n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụ ndị a na-eji nwere ike inwe oke nsi.Iji merie nsogbu a, usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma ga-abụ iji usoro mmekpa ahụ dị ntakịrị nke nwere ike ịwakpo mkpụrụ ndụ cancer na-enweghị emetụta anụ ahụ dị mma.N'iburu n'uche arụmụka a, iji ultrasonic vibrations, nke egosiri na ọ na-emetụta mkpụrụ ndụ cancer na ahụike dị iche iche, ma na usoro unicellular na na mesoscale heterogeneous ụyọkọ, yiri ka ọ ga-ekwe omume.
Site n'echiche nke igwe, mkpụrụ ndụ ahụike na nke ọrịa kansa nwere n'ezie ugboro dị iche iche na-emegharị ahụ.A na-ejikọta ihe onwunwe a na mgbanwe oncogenic na nrụzi arụ ọrụ nke usoro cytoskeletal nke mkpụrụ ndụ cancer 12,13, ebe mkpụrụ ndụ tumor bụ, na nkezi, nwere nkwarụ karịa mkpụrụ ndụ nkịtị.Ya mere, site na nhọrọ kachasị mma nke ugboro ugboro ultrasound maka mkpali, ịma jijiji na-ebute na mpaghara ahọpụtara nwere ike imebi ihe owuwu ọrịa cancer dị ndụ, na-ebelata mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi ahụike nke onye ọbịa.Mmetụta ndị a na-aghọtabeghị nke ọma nwere ike ịgụnye mbibi nke ụfọdụ ihe nhazi cellular n'ihi ụda ụda dị elu nke ultrasound kpatara (n'ụkpụrụ dị ka lithotripsy14) na mmebi cellular n'ihi ihe dị iche iche yiri ike ọgwụgwụ n'ibu, nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike gbanwee nhazi cellular. .mmemme na mechanobiology.Ọ bụ ezie na nke a theoretical ngwọta yiri ka ọ dị nnọọ adabara, ọ dị mwute ikwu na ọ pụghị iji na ikpe ebe anechoic ndu Ọdịdị na-egbochi kpọmkwem ngwa nke ultrasound, ihe atụ, na intracranial ngwa n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ọkpụkpụ, na ụfọdụ ara tumor uka na-emi odude ke adipose. anụ ahụ.Attenuation nwere ike igbochi saịtị nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa.Iji merie nsogbu ndị a, a ga-etinyerịrị ultrasound n'ime mpaghara ya na ndị ntụgharị ahaziri ahazi nke nwere ike iru ebe a na-agba ọkụ ka ọ dị obere ka o kwere mee.N'iburu nke a n'uche, anyị tụlere ohere nke iji echiche ndị metụtara ohere ịmepụta usoro teknụzụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ "ụlọ ọgwụ agịga"15.Echiche "Ụlọ ọgwụ dị n'ime agịga" gụnyere ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ ahụike dị ntakịrị maka nyocha na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, dabere na nchikota ọrụ dị iche iche n'ime otu agịga ọgwụ.Dị ka a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ngalaba agịga ụlọ ọgwụ, ngwaọrụ kọmpat a na-adabere na uru nke 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 fiber optic probes, nke, n'ihi njirimara ha, dị mma maka ntinye n'ime ọkọlọtọ 20. agịga ọgwụ, 22 lumens.N'iji ngbanwe nke teknụzụ Lab-on-Fiber (LOF) 23 na-enye, eriri na-aghọ nke ọma n'elu ikpo okwu pụrụ iche maka ngwaọrụ nchọpụta dị ntakịrị na nke dị njikere iji, gụnyere biopsy mmiri na ngwaọrụ biopsy anụ ahụ.na nchọpụta biomolecular24,25, nnyefe ọgwụ mpaghara na-eduzi ọkụ26,27, foto ultrasound mpaghara dị elu nke ọma28, thermal therapy29,30 na njirimara anụ ahụ dabere na spectroscopy31.N'ime echiche a, na-eji usoro nhazi mpaghara dabere na ngwaọrụ "agịga dị n'ụlọ ọgwụ", anyị na-enyocha ohere nke ịkwalite mkpali mpaghara nke ihe ndị dị ndụ bi site na iji mgbasa nke ebili mmiri ultrasound site na agịga iji kpalie ebili mmiri ultrasound n'ime mpaghara mmasị..Ya mere, a na-etinye obere ultrasound ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ dị ala ozugbo na mpaghara ihe ize ndụ na obere invasiveness maka sel sonicating na obere usoro siri ike na anụ ahụ dị nro, dị ka ọ dị n'ihe gbasara ịwa ahụ intracranial a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, a ghaghị itinye obere oghere n'ime okpokoro isi na a. agịga.N'ịbụ onye sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na nsonazụ nnwale na nso nso a na-atụ aro na ultrasound nwere ike ịkwụsị ma ọ bụ gbuo oge mmepe nke ụfọdụ ọrịa cancer, 32,33,34 usoro a tụrụ aro nwere ike inye aka dozie, ma ọ dịkarịa ala na ụkpụrụ, isi azụmaahịa dị n'etiti mmetụta ike na ọgwụgwọ.N'iburu n'uche echiche ndị a, na akwụkwọ a ugbu a, anyị na-enyocha ohere iji ngwaọrụ agịga n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ ultrasound dị ntakịrị maka ọrịa cancer.More kpomkwem, na Scattering Analysis of Spherical Tumor Mass for Estiating Growth-Dabere Ultrasound Frequency ngalaba, anyị na-eji nke ọma guzosie ike elastodynamic ụzọ na acoustic agbasa echiche amụma amụma size nke spherical siri ike etuto toro na ihe na-agbanwe ọkara.isi ike nke na-eme n'etiti etuto ahụ na anụ ahụ na-anabata ya n'ihi ntughari ihe na-eto eto.N'ịkọwapụta usoro anyị, nke anyị na-akpọ "Ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Needle", na ngalaba "Ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Needle", anyị na-enyocha mgbasa nke ultrasonic ebili mmiri site na agịga ahụike na ugboro ole e buru amụma na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ha na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi mụọ ihe. isi geometric parameters (n'ezie dayameta dị n'ime , ogologo na nkọ nke agịga), na-emetụta nnyefe nke ike acoustic nke ngwá ọrụ.N'iburu n'uche na ọ dị mkpa ịmepụta usoro injinia ọhụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ ziri ezi, a kwenyere na ọmụmụ ihe a na-atụ aro nwere ike inye aka ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa cancer na-adabere na iji ultrasound na-ewepụta site na ikpo okwu ọgwụgwọ agbakwunyere nke na-ejikọta ultrasound na ngwọta ndị ọzọ.Ejikọtara, dị ka nnyefe ọgwụ ezubere iche na nchọpụta ozugbo n'ime otu agịga.
Ịdị irè nke ịnye usoro nhazi maka ọgwụgwọ nke ụbụrụ siri ike na mpaghara site na iji ultrasonic (ultrasound) mkpali bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na-emeso ma usoro ihe ọmụma na nnwale na mmetụta nke obere ike ultrasonic vibrations na otu-cell usoro 10, 11, 12 .Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na, n'ụkpụrụ, enwere ike ịhọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ tumor site na mkpali na-echekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.Omume a bụ ihe na-esi na isi ihe na-egosi na, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mkpụrụ ndụ tumor na-adị mfe karịa mkpụrụ ndụ ahụike, ikekwe iji kwalite ikike ha ịmụba na ịkwaga37,38,39,40.Dabere na nsonaazụ e nwetara site na otu ụdị sel, dịka na microscale, egosipụtawokwa nhọrọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na mesoscale site na nyocha ọnụọgụgụ nke nzaghachi kwekọrọ na mkpokọta sel dị iche iche.Na-enye pasentị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ kansa na mkpụrụ ndụ ahụike, mkpokọta multicellular na-agbakọta narị micrometers n'ogo ka ewuru ya n'usoro.Na mesolevel nke mkpokọta ndị a, a na-echekwa ụfọdụ njirimara microscopic nke mmasị n'ihi mmejuputa ihe ndị bụ isi na-emepụta ihe na-egosipụta àgwà nhazi nke otu mkpụrụ ndụ.Karịsịa, cell ọ bụla na-eji ihe owuwu dabere na tensegrity iji ṅomie nzaghachi nke ihe owuwu cytoskeletal dị iche iche a na-etinyerịrị aka, si otú a na-emetụta isi ike ha n'ozuzu ya12,13.Amụma amụma na nnwale in vitro nke akwụkwọ ndị a dị n'elu enyela nsonaazụ na-agba ume, na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịmụ ihe mmetụta uche nke oke etuto ahụ na ultrasound therapeutic ultrasound dị ala (LITUS), na nyocha nke ugboro ole irradiation nke etuto ahụ dị oke mkpa.ọnọdụ LITUS maka ngwa saịtị.
Otú ọ dị, na ọkwa anụ ahụ, nkọwa submacroscopic nke akụkụ nke onye ọ bụla ga-efunahụ ya, a pụkwara ịchọta ihe onwunwe nke anụ ahụ tumor site na iji usoro usoro iji soro ọganihu dị ukwuu na nrụgide na-eme ka ọ gbanwee usoro nhazigharị, na-eburu n'uche mmetụta macroscopic. uto.-eme ka mgbanwe dị na elasticity anụ ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 41.42.N'ezie, n'adịghị ka unicellular na aggregate usoro, siri ike etuto otutu na-eto eto na nro anụ ahụ n'ihi na nke nta nke nta nchịkọta nke aberrant residual stresses, nke na-agbanwe eke n'ibu Njirimara n'ihi na-abawanye na mkpokọta intratumoral rigidity, na tumor sclerosis na-abụkarị ihe na-ekpebi ihe kpatara ya. nchọpụta etuto.
N'iburu n'uche ihe ndị a n'uche, ebe a anyị na-enyocha nzaghachi sonodynamic nke ụbụrụ spheroids nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eto eto na gburugburu anụ ahụ nkịtị.Kpọmkwem nke ọma, a na-ekpebi ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ejikọta na ọkwa nke ụbụrụ ahụ dabere na usoro ihe ọmụmụ na nyocha nke ụfọdụ ndị edemede nwetara na ọrụ gara aga.N'ime ha, evolushọn nke siri ike tumor spheroids toro na vivo na heterogeneous media ka amụrụ site n'itinye na-abụghị linear n'ibu ụdị 41,43,44 na Nchikota interspecies dynamics na-ebu amụma mmepe nke etuto otutu na metụtara intratumoral stress.Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, uto (dịka ọmụmaatụ, prestretching inelastic) na nrụgide fọdụrụnụ na-eme ka mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu nke ihe onwunwe nke tumor, si otú ahụ na-agbanwekwa nzaghachi ụda olu ya.Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na na ref.41 egosipụtara ngalaba-evolution nke uto na nrụgide siri ike na etuto ahụ na mkpọsa nnwale na ụdị anụmanụ.Karịsịa, a ntụnyere nke isiike nke ara tumor otutu resected na dị iche iche nkebi na isi ike enwetara site reproducing yiri ọnọdụ na silico on a spherical oke mmewere nlereanya na otu akụkụ na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ buru amụma ihe fọdụrụ nchegbu ubi kwadoro chọrọ usoro nke nlereanya ndaba..N'ime ọrụ a, a na-eji nsonaazụ nyocha na nnwale enwetaburu iji mepụta usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ emepụtara.Karịsịa, a na-agbakọ nha ndị e buru n'amụma nwere ihe nguzogide evolushọn kwekọrọ n'ebe a, bụ ndị e ji wee tụọ ọnụọgụ ugboro ole nke etuto ahụ agbakwunyere na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe mmetụta karịa.Iji mezuo nke a, anyị si otú enyocha ike omume nke etuto uka na dị iche iche nkebi, weere na dị iche iche nkebi, na-eburu n'uche acoustic egosi dị ka n'ozuzu nabatara ụkpụrụ nke ịgbasa na nzaghachi ultrasonic stimuli na-akọwapụta ekwe omume resonant phenomena nke spheroid. .dabere na etuto na nnabata Uto dabere iche na isiike n'etiti anụ ahụ.
N'ihi ya, a na-eme ka ọnụọgụ tumor dị ka akụkụ na-agbanwe nke radius \ (a \) na gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe agbanwe nke onye ọbịa na-adabere na data nyocha nke na-egosi ka nnukwu ihe owuwu dị njọ na-esi eto na ọnọdụ n'ụdị okirikiri.N'ịtụ aka na eserese 1, na-eji nhazi okirikiri (\{r,\theta,\varphi \}\) (ebe \(\theta\) na \(\varphi\) na-anọchi anya akụkụ anomaly na azimuth n'otu n'otu), ngalaba tumor occupies Mpaghara agbakwunyere na oghere ahụike \({\mathcal {V}}_{T}=\{(r,\theta,\varphi):r\le a\}\) mpaghara na-enweghị oke ({\mathcal { V}}_{H} = \{(r,\theta,\varphi):r > a\}\).N'ịtụ aka na Ozi Mgbakwụnye (SI) maka nkọwa zuru ezu nke ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ dabere na ntọala elastodynamic nke ọma nke a kọrọ n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ45,46,47,48, anyị na-atụle ebe a nsogbu nke e ji ụdị oscillation axisymmetric mara.Echiche a na-egosi na mgbanwe niile dị n'ime etuto ahụ na mpaghara ahụ ike na-adabere na azimuthal coordinate \ (\varphi \) nakwa na ọ dịghị mgbagwoju anya na-eme na nke a.N'ihi ya, enwere ike nweta ebe mgbapụ na mgbakasị ahụ site n'ikike abụọ scalar \(\phi = \hat{\phi}\ left( {r,\theta} \right) e^{{- i \omega {\kern 1pt } t }}\) na \(\chi = \hat{\chi }\ekpe( {r,\theta} \right)e^{{- i\omega {\kern 1pt} t }}\) , ha bụ n'otu n'otu metụtara a longitudinal ife na a shiee ife, ndakọrịta oge t n'etiti ịwa ahụ \ (\ theta \) na akụkụ n'etiti ntụziaka nke ihe merenụ ife na ọnọdụ vector \ ({\mathbf {x)) \) dị ka e gosiri na foto 1) na \(\omega = 2\pi f\) na-anọchi anya ugboro angular.Karịsịa, a na-eji ụgbọ elu ebili mmiri (\phi_{H}^{(in)}\) (na-ewebatakwa na sistemụ SI, n'usoro (A.9)) na-agbasa n'ime olu nke ahụ. dika okwu iwu si di
ebe \(\phi_{0}\) bụ oke njupụta.Mgbasawanye okirikiri nke ikuku ụgbọ elu merenụ (1) na-eji ọrụ ebili mmiri gburugburu bụ arụmụka ọkọlọtọ:
Ebe \(j_{n}\) bụ ọrụ Bessel gburugburu nke ụdị usoro mbụ \(n\), na \(P_{n}\) bụ Legendre polynomial.Akụkụ nke ihe ahụ merenụ nke oghere ntinye ego gbasasịa na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu wee kpuchie mpaghara ihe omume ahụ, ebe akụkụ nke ọzọ gbasasịa n'ime oghere ahụ, na-enye aka na ịma jijiji ya.Iji mee nke a, ihe ngwọta harmonic nke nha ebili mmiri \(\nabla^{2} \hat{\phi } + k_{1}^{2} {\mkern 1mu} \hat{\phi } = 0\,\ ) na \ (\ nabla^{2} {\mkern 1mu} \hat{\chi} + k_{2}^{2} \hat{\chi } = 0\), nke Eringen45 nyere dịka ọmụmaatụ (leekwa SI. ) nwere ike igosi etuto na mpaghara ahụike.Karịsịa, ebili mmiri mgbasawanye gbasasịa na ebili mmiri isovolumic emepụtara na onye nnabata \ (H \) na-anabata ike ha dị iche iche:
N'ime ha, a na-eji ọrụ Hankel dị okirikiri nke ụdị nke mbụ \(h_{n}^{(1)}\) atụgharị uche na ebili mmiri gbasasịa na-apụ apụ, yana \(\alpha_{n}\) na \(\beta_{ n}\ ) bụ ọnụọgụgụ amaghị ama.na nha nha.Na nha nhata (2)–(4), okwu \(k_{H1}\) na \(k_{H2}\) na-egosi ọnụọgụ ebili mmiri nke obere ebili mmiri na ebili mmiri na-atụgharị n'akụkụ akụkụ ahụ, n'otu n'otu ( hụ SI).Oghere mkpakọ n'ime etuto ahụ na mgbanwe nwere ụdị
Ebe \(k_{T1}\) na \(k_{T2}\) na-anọchi anya ọnụọgụ ebili mmiri ogologo na transverse na mpaghara tumor, na ọnụọgụ ndị amaghi ama bụ \(\gamma_{n} {\mkern 1mu}\) , \(\ eta_{n} {\mkern 1mu}\).Dabere na nsonaazụ ndị a, ihe ndị na-abụghị zero radial na nke okirikiri bụ njirimara mpaghara ahụike na nsogbu a na-atụle, dị ka \(u_{Hr}\) na \(u_{H\theta}\) (\(u_{ H \ varphi } \ ) a dịghịzi mkpa n'echiche symmetry) - enwere ike nweta ya site na njikọ (u_{Hr} = \ partial_{r} \ ekpe ( {\phi + \ partial_{r} (r\chi) } \right) + k_}^{2} {\mkern 1mu} r\chi\) na \(u_{H\theta} = r^{- 1} \ partial_{\theta} \ ekpe({\phi + \ partial_{r } ( r\chi ) } \ aka nri) \) site n'ịmepụta \(\phi = \ phi_{H}^{(na)} + \ phi_{H}^{(s)}\) na \ (\chi = \chi_ {H}^ {(s)}\) (lee SI maka mwepụta mgbakọ na mwepụ zuru ezu).N'otu aka ahụ, dochie \(\phi = \ phi_{T}^{(s)}\) na \(\chi = \chi_{T}^{(s)}\) na-alaghachi {Tr} = \ partial_{r} \ ekpe( {\phi + \ partial_{r} (r\chi)} \ aka nri) + k_{T2}^{2} {\mkern 1mu} r\chi \) na \(u_{T\theta} = r^{-1}\partial _{\theta }\ekpe({\phi +\partial_{r}(r\chi )}\right)\).
(N'aka ekpe) Geometry nke akpụ okirikiri toro na gburugburu ebe dị mma site na mpaghara ihe merenụ na-agbasa, (n'aka nri) evolushọn kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ isi ike nke tumor-host radius, data akọpụtara (nke sitere na Carotenuto et al. 41) site na nyocha mkpakọ vitro nwetara site na etuto ara siri ike ejiri sel MDA-MB-231 tinye.
Na-eche na ihe ndị na-agbanwe ahịrị na nke isotropic, ihe ndị na-abụghị efu na-akpata nchekasị na mpaghara ahụike na tumor, ntụgharị (\sigma_{Hpq}\) na \(\sigma_{Tpq}\) - rube isi n'iwu Hooke zuru oke, nyere na e nwere. dị iche iche Lamé moduli , nke na-akọwa onye ọbịa na ngbanwe tumor, nke a kọwara dị ka \(\{ \mu_{H},\,\lambda_{H} \}\) na \(\{ \mu_{T},\, \lambda_ {T} \}\) (lee Equation (A.11) maka nkwuputa zuru oke nke ihe mgbakasị ahụ nọchiri anya na SI).Karịsịa, dị ka data dị na ntinye aka 41 ma gosipụta ya na Figure 1, etuto ahụ na-eto eto gosipụtara mgbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke anụ ahụ.Ya mere, a na-ekpebi nchụpụ na nrụgide na mpaghara ndị ọbịa na tumor kpamkpam ruo n'usoro nke a na-amaghị ama \({{ \varvec{\upxi}}}_{n} = \{ \ alpha_{n} ,{\mkern 1mu } \ beta_{ n} {\mkern 1mu} \gamma_{n} ,\eta_{n} \}\ ) nwere usoro enweghị ngwụcha.Iji chọta ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ndị a, a na-ewebata oghere dị mma na ọnọdụ oke n'etiti etuto ahụ na mpaghara ahụike.N'iche na njide zuru oke na tumor-host interface \(r = a \), ịga n'ihu nke nchụpụ na nrụgide chọrọ ọnọdụ ndị a:
Sistemu (7) na-etolite usoro nha anya na ngwọta enweghị ngwụcha.Na mgbakwunye, ọnọdụ oke ọ bụla ga-adabere na anomaly \ (\theta \).Iji wedata nsogbu uru oke ala ka ọ bụrụ nsogbu algebra zuru oke yana usoro sistemụ mechiri emechi, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dị na amaghị \({{\varvec{\upxi}}}_{n} = \{ \ alpha_ {n},{ \mkern 1mu} \beta_{n} {\mkern 1mu} \gamma_{n}, \eta_{n} \}_{n = 0,…,N}\) (ya na \ ( N \) to \ infty \), usoro iwu), na iwepu ndabere nke nha anya na okwu trigonometric, a na-ede ọnọdụ interface n'ụdị adịghị ike site na iji orthogonality nke Legendre polynomials.Karịsịa, a na-amụba nhata (7)1,2 na (7)3,4 site na \(P_{n} \ ekpe( {\cos \ theta} \ right)\) na \(P_{n}^{) 1} \ ekpe( {\cos\theta}\right)\) wee jikọta n'etiti \(0\) na \(\pi \) site na iji njirimara mgbakọ na mwepụ:
Ya mere, ọnọdụ interface (7) na-eweghachite usoro nhata algebra quadratic, nke enwere ike igosipụta n'ụdị matrix dị ka \({\mathbb{D}}_{n} (a) \cdot {{\varvec{\upxi}} } _{n} = {\mathbf{q}}_{n} (a)\) wee nweta ihe amaghi ama \({{\varvec{\upxi}}}_{n}\ ) site na idozi iwu Cramer.
Iji mee atụmatụ ngbanwe ume ike gbasasịa site na gburugburu wee nweta ozi gbasara nzaghachi ụda ya dabere na data na mpaghara gbasasịrị na-agbasa na onye na-elekọta ndị ọbịa, ọnụ ọgụgụ acoustic na-adọrọ mmasị, nke bụ akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi bistatic na-emekarị.Karịsịa, ngalaba mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, nke akpọrọ \ (s), na-egosipụta oke dị n'etiti ike ụda na-ebufe site na mgbama gbasasịa na nkewa ike nke ihe omume ahụ na-ebu.N'akụkụ a, ịdị ukwuu nke ọrụ udi ahụ \(\ left| {F_{\infty} \ ekpe(\theta \right)} \right|^{2}\) bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịmụ usoro ụda olu. agbakwunyere na mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ siri ike Na-achụsasị ihe dị na sedimenti.Kpọmkwem, a na-akọwa njupụta nke ọrụ ọdịdị ahụ dị ka ngalaba mgbasa ozi dị iche iche \(ds \) n'otu mpaghara ọ bụla, nke dị iche site na nkịtị na ntụziaka nke mgbasa nke ebili mmiri ahụ:
ebe \(f_{n}^{pp}\) na \(f_{n}^{ps}\) na-egosi modal ọrụ, nke na-ezo aka n'oke ike nke longitudinal wave na gbasasịrị ifegharị n'ihe metụtara Enyere ihe omume P-wave na usoro nnabata, n'otu n'otu, na okwu ndị a:
Enwere ike mụọ ọrụ ebili mmiri nke akụkụ (10) n'adabereghị na usoro mgbasa ozi resonant (RST) 49,50,51,52, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ikewapụ elasticity ezubere iche site na mkpokọta kpafuru akpafu mgbe ị na-amụ ụdịdị dị iche iche.Dị ka usoro a si dị, ọrụ ụdị modal ahụ nwere ike imebi n'ime nchikota nke akụkụ abụọ hà nhata, ya bụ \(f_{n} = f_{n}^{(res)} + f_{n}^{(b)}\ ) jikọtara ya na njupụta n'okirikiri resonant na nke na-adịghị mma, n'otu n'otu.Ọrụ ọdịdị nke ọnọdụ resonant metụtara nzaghachi nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ebe ndabere na-ejikọtakarị na ọdịdị nke onye mgbasa ozi.Iji chọpụta usoro izizi nke ebumnuche maka ụdị ọ bụla, njupụta nke ọrụ resonance modal resonance \(\ left| {f_{n}^{(res)} \ekpe( \theta \right)} \right|\ ) a na-agbakọ na-eche na ndabere siri ike, nke nwere oghere na-enweghị ike ịbanye na ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe.Echiche a na-akpali site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na, n'ozuzu, ma isi ike na njupụta na-abawanye na uto nke ụbụrụ tumor n'ihi nrụgide mgbagwoju anya fọdụrụnụ.Ya mere, n'ogo siri ike nke uto, a na-atụ anya na impedance ratio \(\rho_{T} c_{1T} /\rho_{H} c_{1H}\) ga-adị karịa 1 maka ọtụtụ etuto siri ike macroscopic na-etolite na nro. anụ ahụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Krouskop et al.53 kọrọ nha nke ọrịa kansa na modul nkịtị nke ihe dị ka 4 maka anụ ahụ prostate, ebe uru a mụbara ruo 20 maka nlele anụ ahụ ara.Mmekọrịta ndị a na-apụghị izere ezere na-agbanwe mgbanwe ụda nke anụ ahụ, dị ka egosipụtara site na elastography analysis54,55,56, ma nwee ike jikọta ya na nsị anụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akpata hyperproliferation tumor.A hụkwara ihe dị iche a na nnwale site na nnwale mkpakọ dị mfe nke mgbochi ara na-etolite n'ọkwa dị iche iche32, na ịmegharị ihe ahụ nwere ike soro ya nke ọma na ụdị ụdị obe na-ebu amụma nke etuto na-eto eto na-abụghị linearly43,44.Data isi ike enwetara na-emetụta kpọmkwem na mmalite nke modul nke Young's modul nke siri ike etuto dị ka usoro \ (E_{T} = S\ ekpe ( {1 - \ nu ^ {2} } \ aka nri)/a\sqrt \ varepsilon \ )( spheres nwere radius \(a \), isi ike \(S \) na Poisson's ratio \(\nu \) n'etiti efere abụọ siri ike 57, dị ka egosiri na foto 1).N'ihi ya, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnweta nha impedance acoustic nke etuto ahụ na onye ọbịa na ọkwa uto dị iche iche.Karịsịa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere modul nke anụ ahụ nkịtị hà nhata 2 kPa na Fig 1, mgbanwe mgbanwe nke etuto ara na oke olu nke ihe dịka 500 ruo 1250 mm3 mere ka mmụba site na 10 kPa ruo 16 kPa, nke bụ 16 kPa. kwekọrọ na data a kọrọ.na ntụnye aka 58, 59 achọpụtara na nrụgide dị n'ụdị anụ ahụ ara bụ 0.25-4 kPa na precompression na-apụ n'anya.Cheekwa na nha nke Poisson nke anụ ahụ na-enweghị ike ime bụ 41.60, nke pụtara na njupụta nke anụ ahụ anaghị agbanwe nke ọma ka olu na-abawanye.Karịsịa, a na-eji nkezi njupụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ \(\rho = 945 \,{\text{kg}}\,{\text{m}}^{ – 3}\)61.Site na echiche ndị a, isi ike nwere ike ịmalite ọnọdụ ndabere site na iji okwu ndị a:
Ebe enwere ike gbakọọ mgbe niile \(\widehat{{\varvec{\upxi)))_{n} = \{\delta_{n} ,\upsilon_{n} \}\) na-eburu n'uche na ọ na-aga n'ihu. ihunanya ( 7 )2,4, ya bu, site n'idozi usoro algebra \(\widehat{{\mathbb{D}}}_{n} (a) \cdot \widehat{({\varvec{\upxi}}) } } _{n } = \widehat{{\mathbf{q}}}_{n} (a)\) metụtara ụmụaka\(\widehat{{\mathbb{D}}}_{n} (a) = \ {{\ mathbb{D}}_{n} (a)\}_{{\{(1,3),(1,3)\}}}\) na vector kọlụm dị mfe nke dabara adaba\(\ widehat {\mathbf {q}}}_{n} (а) \). Na-enye ihe ọmụma bụ isi na nhata (11), njupụta abụọ nke ọrụ resonant resonant \(\ ekpe| {f_{n}^{{ \ekpe( {res} \right)\,pp}} \ekpe( \theta \right)} \right| = \ ekpe|{f_{n}^{pp} \ekpe( \theta \ right) - f_{ n}^{pp(b)} \n'aka ekpe( \theta \right)} \right|\) na \( \ ekpe|{f_{n}^{{\ekpe( {res} \ aka nri)\,ps} } \ aka ekpe ( \ theta \ right)} \ right|= \ ekpe|{f_{n}^{ps} \ekpe( \theta \ right) – f_{n}^{ps(b)} \ekpe( \ theta \right)} \right|\) na-ezo aka na mkpali P-wave na ntụgharị P- na S-wave, n'otu n'otu.Ọzọkwa, a na-eme atụmatụ njupụta nke mbụ dị ka \ (\theta = \ pi \), na njupụta nke abụọ e mere atụmatụ dị ka \ (\theta = \ pi / 4 \).Site n'ịkwado akụrụngwa mejupụtara dị iche iche.Onyonyo 2 na-egosi na resonant atụmatụ nke tumo spheroids ruo banyere 15 mm na dayameta na-tumadi lekwasị na ugboro band nke 50-400 kHz, nke na-egosi ekwe omume nke iji ala-ugboro ugboro ultrasound na-akpali resonant tumor excitation.mkpụrụ ndụ.Ọtụtụ n'ime.Na nke a ugboro band, RST analysis kpughere otu-mode formants maka ụdịdị 1 ka 6, pụta ìhè na Figure 3. N'ebe a, ma pp- na ps-agbasasị ebili mmiri na-egosi formants nke mbụ ụdị, na-eme na nnọọ ala frequencies, nke na-abawanye site na. ihe dị ka 20 kHz maka ọnọdụ 1 ruo ihe dị ka 60 kHz maka n = 6, na-egosi enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị na radius sphere.Ọrụ ps resonant na-emebi emebi, ebe nchikota nke nnukwu amplitude pp formants na-enye ihe dị ka 60 kHz oge, na-egosi mgbanwe ugboro ugboro na ọnụọgụ ọnọdụ na-abawanye.Emere nyocha niile site na iji ngwanrọ mgbakọ na mwepụ Mathematica®62.
The backscatter ụdị ọrụ enwetara site na modul nke ara ara nke dị iche iche nha na-egosi na Fig. 1, ebe ndị kasị elu achụsasị ìgwè na-apụta ìhè na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ mode superposition.
Resonances nke ụdịdị ahọpụtara site na \ (n = 1 \) ruo \ (n = 6 \), gbakọọ na mkpali na ntụgharị nke P-wave n'ụdị etuto dị iche iche (mgbagwoju anya ojii si \ (\ ekpe | {f_{ n} ^ {{\ ekpe( {res} \right)\,pp}} \ekpe( \pi \right)} \right| = \ ekpe|. {f_{n}^{pp} \ ekpe ( \pi \ aka nri) - f_{n }^{pp(b)} \n'aka ekpe( \pi \ right)} \right|\)) na P-wave excitation na S-wave reflection (mkpụrụ isi awọ nyere site modal udi ọrụ \( \ ekpe | {{ f_{n }^{{\ekpe( {res} \right)\,ps}} \n'aka ekpe( {\pi /4} \right)} \right| \ ekpe( {\pi /4} \ aka nri) – f_{n}^{ps(b)} \n'aka ekpe( {\pi /4} \ aka nri)} \ aka nri | \)).
Nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke mbido a site na iji ọnọdụ mgbasa ozi dị anya nwere ike iduzi nhọrọ nke ugboro ole draịva-kpọmkwem na simulations ọnụọgụ ndị a iji mụọ mmetụta nke nrụgide microvibration na oke.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na nhazigharị nke ugboro ole kachasị mma nwere ike ịbụ ọkwa-kpọmkwem n'oge uto tumor ma nwee ike kpebisie ike site na iji nsonaazụ nke ụdị uto iji guzobe atụmatụ biomechanical ejiri na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa iji buru amụma n'ụzọ ziri ezi nhazigharị anụ ahụ.
Ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na nanotechnology na-eme ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọta ụzọ ọhụrụ na ụzọ ha ga-esi zụlite ngwaọrụ ahụike dị ntakịrị na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ maka ngwa vivo.N'okwu a, teknụzụ LOF egosila ikike dị ịrịba ama iji gbasaa ike nke eriri anya, na-eme ka mmepe nke ngwaọrụ fiber optic ọhụrụ dị ntakịrị maka ngwa sayensị ndụ21, 63, 64, 65. Echiche nke ijikọta 2D na 3D ihe. nwere kemịkalụ, ihe ndị dị ndụ, na ngwa anya dị n'akụkụ 25 na/ma ọ bụ mechie 64 nke eriri anya nwere njikwa oghere zuru oke na nanoscale na-eduga na mpụta nke klas ọhụrụ fiber optic nanooptodes.nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ nyocha na ọgwụgwọ.N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, n'ihi njirimara geometric na ígwè ọrụ ha (obere akụkụ obe, akụkụ buru ibu, mgbanwe, ịdị arọ dị ala) na ihe ndị dị ndụ (na-abụkarị iko ma ọ bụ polymers), eriri anya dị mma maka ntinye n'ime agịga na catheters.Ngwa ahụike20, na-emeghe ụzọ maka ọhụụ ọhụrụ nke "ụlọ ọgwụ agịga" (lee foto 4).
N'ezie, n'ihi ogo nke nnwere onwe nyere site LOF technology, site tinye n'ọrụ mwekota nke micro- na nanostructures mere si dị iche iche dara na / ma ọ bụ dielectric ihe, ngwa anya eriri nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka kpọmkwem ngwa na-akwado resonant mode excitation., The ìhè ubi 21 na-ike n'ọnọdụ.Nchikota nke ìhè na ọnụ ọgụgụ subwavelength, na-ejikọta ya na kemịkalụ na / ma ọ bụ nhazi ndu63 na ntinye nke ihe ndị dị nro dị ka smart polymers65,66 nwere ike ime ka njikwa na-achịkwa mmekọrịta nke ìhè na ihe, nke nwere ike ịba uru maka ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ.Nhọrọ nke ụdị na nha nke agbakwunyere ihe / ihe ndị agbakwunyere n'ụzọ doro anya na-adabere n'ụdị anụ ahụ, ndu ma ọ bụ kemịkal nke a ga-achọpụta21,63.
Ntinye nyocha nke LOF n'ime agịga ahụike na-eduga na saịtị ndị akọwapụtara n'ime ahụ ga-eme ka mmiri mmiri na anụ ahụ dị na vivo nwee ike, na-enye ohere ọgwụgwọ mpaghara n'otu oge, na-ebelata mmetụta na-abawanye arụmọrụ.Ohere nwere ike ime gụnyere ịchọpụta ụdị biomolecules dị iche iche na-ekesa, gụnyere kansa.biomarkers ma ọ bụ microRNAs (miRNAs) 67, njirimara nke anụ ahụ cancer na-eji linear na nonlinear spectroscopy dị ka Raman spectroscopy (SERS) 31, fotoacoustic fotoacoustic dị elu22,28,68, ịwa ahụ laser na ablation69, na ọgwụ nnyefe mpaghara na-eji light27 na ntuziaka akpaaka nke agịga n'ime ahụ mmadụ20.Ọ dị mma ịmara na ọ bụ ezie na iji eriri anya na-ezere ọghọm ndị a na-ahụkarị nke ụzọ “oge gboo” dabere na ngwa elektrọn, dị ka mkpa maka njikọ eletrik na ọnụnọ nke nnyonye anya electromagnetic, nke a na-enye ohere dị iche iche LOF sensọ itinye nke ọma n'ime usoro.otu agịga ahụike.A ga-akwụrịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche iji belata mmetụta ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka mmetọ, nnyonye anya anya, ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ nke na-ebute mmetụta mkparịta ụka n'etiti ọrụ dị iche iche.Agbanyeghị, ọ bụkwa eziokwu na ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha agaghị arụ ọrụ n'otu oge.Akụkụ a na-eme ka opekata mpe belata nnyonye anya, si otú a na-amachi mmetụta ọjọọ na arụmọrụ nke nyocha ọ bụla na izi ezi nke usoro ahụ.Echiche ndị a na-enye anyị ohere ile echiche nke "agịga dị n'ụlọ ọgwụ" dị ka ọhụụ dị mfe iji tọọ ntọala siri ike maka ọgbọ na-esote nke agịga ọgwụgwọ na sayensị ndụ.
N'ihe gbasara ngwa a kapịrị ọnụ a tụlere n'akwụkwọ a, na ngalaba na-esote anyị ga-enyocha ọnụọgụgụ ike nke agịga ahụike na-eduzi ebili mmiri ultrasonic n'ime anụ ahụ mmadụ site na iji mgbasa ha n'akụkụ axis ya.
Mgbasa ebili mmiri ultrasonic site na agịga ahụike jupụtara na mmiri ma tinye ya n'ime anụ ahụ dị nro (lee eserese na Fig. 5a) na-emepụta site na iji ngwa ahịa Comsol Multiphysics software dabere na usoro mmewere njedebe (FEM) 70, bụ ebe a na-emepụta agịga na anụ ahụ. dị ka linear na-agbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi.
N'ịrụtụ aka na eserese 5b, a na-emepụta agịga ahụ dị ka cylinder oghere (nke a makwaara dị ka "cannula") nke igwe anaghị agba nchara, ihe ọkọlọtọ maka agịga ahụike71.Karịsịa, e jiri ụdị nke Young's modules E = 205 GPa, nha Poisson ν = 0.28, na njupụta ρ = 7850 kg m -372.73.Geometrically, a na-eji agịga ahụ ogologo ogologo L, dayameta dị n'ime D (nke a na-akpọkwa "nchapụta") na mgbidi mgbidi t.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ewere n'ọnụ nke agịga ahụ ka ọ na-atụgharị n'akụkụ α n'ihe gbasara ntụziaka ogologo (z).Olu mmiri na-adaba na ọdịdị nke mpaghara ime nke agịga.Na nyocha nke mbụ a, a na-eche na agịga ahụ na-emikpu kpamkpam n'ime mpaghara anụ ahụ (nke a na-eche na ọ ga-agbatị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi), nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche nke radius rs, nke nọgidere na-adịgide adịgide na 85 mm n'oge niile simulations.Na nkọwa ndị ọzọ, anyị na-emecha mpaghara okirikiri ahụ na oyi akwa dabara adaba nke ọma (PML), nke ma ọ dịkarịa ala na-ebelata ebili mmiri na-achọghị na-egosipụta site na oke "echiche".Anyị na-ahọrọ radius rs ka ọ na-etinye spherical ngalaba ókè nke dị anya site na agịga ka ọ ghara imetụta ngwọta mgbakọ na mwepụ, na obere obere ka ọ ghara imetụta ọnụ ahịa mgbakọ na mwepụ nke simulation.
A na-etinye ngbanwe ogologo ogologo nke harmonic f na njupụta A na oke ala nke geometry stylus;ọnọdụ a na-anọchi anya mkpali ntinye etinyere na geometry simulated.N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke agịga (na kọntaktị na anụ ahụ na mmiri), a na-ewere ihe nlereanya a nabatara na-agụnye mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe abụọ anụ ahụ, otu n'ime ya metụtara nhazi nhazi (maka mpaghara nke agịga), na nke ọzọ ka structural mekaniki.(maka mpaghara acicular), ya mere, a na-etinye ọnọdụ ndị kwekọrọ na acoustics (maka mmiri na mpaghara acicular)74.Karịsịa, obere mkpọtụ a na-etinye na oche agịga na-eme ka obere mgbagha voltaji;Ya mere, na-eche na agịga na-akpa àgwà dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, a ga-eme atụmatụ na vector U nke mgbanwe site na elastodynamic equilibrium equation (Navier)75.Ntugharị nhazi nke agịga na-eme ka mgbanwe dị na nrụgide mmiri dị n'ime ya (a na-ewere na ọ dị na ihe nlereanya anyị), n'ihi nke ụda ụda na-agbasa na ntụgharị ogologo nke agịga, na-erube isi na Helmholtz equation76.N'ikpeazụ, na-eche na mmetụta ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na anụ ahụ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma nakwa na njupụta nke ebili mmiri nke shear dị ntakịrị karịa njupụta nke ebili mmiri nrụgide, a pụkwara iji akara Helmholtz mee ihe iji gosipụta mgbasawanye nke ebili mmiri ụda na anụ ahụ dị nro.Mgbe nke a gachara, a na-ewere anụ ahụ dị ka mmiri mmiri77 na njupụta nke 1000 kg / m3 na ụda ụda nke 1540 m / s (na-eleghara mmetụta nkwụsịtụ na-adabere ugboro ugboro).Iji jikọọ ndị a abụọ anụ ahụ ubi, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na continuity nke nkịtị ije na ókè nke siri ike na mmiri mmiri, static nha nha n'etiti nrụgide na nrụgide perpendicular na ókè nke siri ike, na tangential stress na ókè nke. mmiri mmiri ga-ha nhata na efu.75 .
Na nyocha anyị, anyị na-enyocha mgbasa nke ebili mmiri dị egwu n'akụkụ agịga n'okpuru ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta geometry nke agịga ahụ na-ebupụta ebili mmiri n'ime anụ ahụ.Karịsịa, anyị nyochara mmetụta nke dayameta dị n'ime nke agịga D, ogologo L na akụkụ bevel α, na-edobe ọkpụrụkpụ t na 500 µm maka ikpe niile a mụrụ.Uru a nke t dị nso na ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ 71 maka agịga azụmahịa.
Na-enweghị nkwụsị nke izugbe, ugboro f nke nchụpụ harmonic etinyere na ntọala nke agịga ahụ bụ 100 kHz, na njupụta A bụ 1 μm.Karịsịa, a na-edozi ugboro ole na 100 kHz, bụ nke kwekọrọ na atụmatụ nyocha nke e nyere na ngalaba "Nyocha nyocha nke sppherical tumor masses iji chọpụta frequency ultrasound na-adabere na-eto eto", bụ ebe a na-ahụ omume resonance dị ka ụbụrụ tumor. Ugboro ugboro nke 50-400 kHz, na nnukwu mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-etinye uche na obere ugboro gburugburu 100-200 kHz (lee foto 2).
Oke mbụ a mụrụ bụ dayameta dị n'ime D nke agịga ahụ.Maka ịdị mma, akọwara ya dị ka akụkụ integer nke ogologo ebili mmiri dị na oghere nke agịga (ya bụ, n'ime mmiri λW = 1.5 mm).N'ezie, phenomena nke ịgbasa ife na ngwaọrụ nke e nyere geometry (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na a waveguide) na-adaberekarị na njirimara size nke geometry eji tụnyere ogologo wavelength nke mgbasa ife.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, na nyocha nke mbụ, iji mee ka mmetụta nke dayameta D dịkwuo mma na mgbasawanye nke ụda ụda site na agịga, anyị na-atụle ọnụ ọnụ dị larịị, na-edozi akụkụ α = 90 °.N'oge nyocha a, a na-edozi ogologo agịga L na 70 mm.
Na fig.6a na-egosi nkezi ụda ike dị ka ọrụ nke oke SD nke enweghị nha, ya bụ D = λW/SD tụlere n'okirikiri nwere radius nke 10 mm gbadoro ụkwụ na n'ọnụ agịga kwekọrọ.Oke SD na-agbanwe site na 2 ruo 6, yabụ anyị na-atụle ụkpụrụ D sitere na 7.5 mm ruo 2.5 mm (na f = 100 kHz).Oke ahụ gụnyekwara uru ọkọlọtọ nke 71 maka agịga ọgwụ igwe anaghị agba nchara.Dị ka a tụrụ anya, dayameta dị n'ime nke agịga ahụ na-emetụta ike nke ụda nke agịga na-emepụta, na oke uru (1030 W / m2) kwekọrọ na D = λW / 3 (ie D = 5 mm) na usoro na-ebelata na-ebelata. dayameta.Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na dayameta D bụ ihe ngbanwe geometric nke na-emetụtakwa mmebi nke ngwaọrụ ahụike, n'ihi ya, a pụghị ileghara akụkụ a dị oke egwu anya mgbe ị na-ahọrọ uru kacha mma.Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na mbelata nke D na-eme n'ihi ntanye dị ala nke ụda ụda na anụ ahụ, maka ọmụmụ ihe ndị a, dayameta D = λW / 5, ntụgharị D = 3 mm (dakọtara na ọkọlọtọ 11G71 na f = 100 kHz). , a na-ewere dị ka nkwekọrịta ezi uche dị na ya n'etiti ntinye ngwaọrụ na nnyefe ike ụda (nkezi ihe dịka 450 W/m2).
Nkezi ike nke ụda na-apụta site n'ọnụ ọnụ agịga (a na-ewere dị larịị), dabere na dayameta dị n'ime nke agịga (a), ogologo (b) na akụkụ bevel α (c).Ogologo (a, c) bụ 90 mm, na dayameta na (b, c) bụ 3 mm.
Ihe ọzọ a ga-enyocha bụ ogologo nke agịga L. Dị ka ọmụmụ ihe gara aga, anyị na-atụle akụkụ oblique α = 90 ° na ogologo a na-agbanye n'ogologo dị ka otutu nke ogologo ogologo na mmiri, ya bụ tụlee L = SL λW. .A na-agbanwe oke nha nke enweghị nha SL site na 3 site na 7, si otú a na-atụle nkezi ike nke ụda na-apụta n'ọnụ agịga n'ogologo site na 4.5 ruo 10.5 mm.Usoro a gụnyere ụkpụrụ ahụkarị maka agịga azụmahịa.E gosipụtara nsonaazụ ya na fig.6b, na-egosi na ogologo agịga, L, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nnyefe nke ụda ike na anụ ahụ.Kpọmkwem, njikarịcha nke oke a mere ka o kwe omume ịkwalite mgbasa ozi site n'ihe dị ka usoro nke ịdị ukwuu.N'ezie, n'ogologo ogologo nke nyochara, nkezi ụda ike na-ewe na mpaghara kachasị nke 3116 W/m2 na SL = 4 (ie, L = 60 mm), nke ọzọ kwekọrọ na SL = 6 (ie, L = 90). mm).
Mgbe anyị nyochachara mmetụta nke dayameta na ogologo agịga na mgbasa nke ultrasound na geometry cylindrical, anyị lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta nke akụkụ bevel na nnyefe nke ụda ike na anụ ahụ.A na-enyocha nkezi ike nke ụda na-esi na eriri eriri dị ka ọrụ nke akụkụ α, na-agbanwe uru ya site na 10 ° (ntụpọ nkọ) gaa na 90 ° (ọnụ ọnụ ala).N'okwu a, radius nke njikọta gburugburu n'ọnụ ọnụ agịga a tụlere bụ 20 mm, nke mere na maka ụkpụrụ niile nke α, a na-etinye ọnụ nke agịga na olu gbakọrọ site na nkezi.
Dị ka e gosiri na fig.6c, mgbe a na-amụba ọnụ ọnụ, ya bụ, mgbe α na-ebelata malite na 90 °, ike nke ụda a na-ebufe na-abawanye, na-erute uru kachasị elu nke ihe dịka 1.5 × 105 W / m2, nke kwekọrọ na α = 50 °, ntụgharị, 2. bụ usoro nke ịdị elu dị elu gbasara ala dị larịị.Site n'ịkọwa n'ọnụ ọnụ (ya bụ, na α n'okpuru 50°), ike ụda ahụ na-achọ ibelata, na-erute ụkpụrụ nke tụnyere n'ọnụ gbawara agbawa.Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na anyị tụlere ọtụtụ akụkụ bevel dị iche iche maka ịme anwansị anyị, ọ bara uru ịtụle na nkọcha ọnụ dị mkpa iji kwado ntinye nke agịga n'ime anụ ahụ.N'ezie, obere akụkụ bevel (ihe dịka 10 Celsius) nwere ike ibelata ike 78 chọrọ ịbanye n'ime anụ ahụ.
Na mgbakwunye na uru nke ụda ike na-ebufe n'ime anụ ahụ, akụkụ bevel na-emetụtakwa ntụziaka nke ịgbasa ebili mmiri, dị ka egosiri na eserese ọkwa ọkwa ụda nke egosiri na Fig. 7a (maka ọnụ ọnụ dị larịị) na 3b (maka 10 Celsius). ).n'ọnụ gbadoro agbagọ), n'otu aka ahụ A na-enyocha ntụzịaka ogologo n'ime ụgbọ elu nke symmetry (yz, cf. Fig. 5).N'ime njedebe nke echiche abụọ a, ọkwa nrụgide ụda (a na-akpọ 1 µPa) na-etinyekarị n'ime oghere agịga (ya bụ n'ime mmiri) wee gbasaa n'ime anụ ahụ.N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu, n'ihe banyere ọnụ ala dị larịị (Fig 7a), nkesa nke ụda nrụgide ụda na-adaba n'ụzọ zuru oke na ntụziaka ogologo oge, na ebili mmiri guzo ọtọ nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na mmiri na-ejuputa ahụ.Ebili na-adabere na ogologo oge (z-axis), njupụta na-erute uru kachasị na mmiri (ihe dị ka 240 dB) ma na-ebelata transversely, nke na-eduga na attenuation nke ihe dịka 20 dB n'ebe dị anya nke 10 mm site na etiti agịga.Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, iwebata ọnụ ọnụ ntụ ntụ (Fig 7b) na-agbaji akara ngosi a, na antinodes nke ebili mmiri na-eguzo "na-atụgharị" dịka n'ọnụ ọnụ agịga ahụ.N'ụzọ doro anya, asymmetry a na-emetụta ike radieshon nke n'ọnụ agịga, dị ka akọwara na mbụ (Fig 6c).Iji ghọta nke ọma akụkụ a, a na-enyocha ụda olu ahụ n'akụkụ eriri orthogonal nke a na-akpụ akpụ gaa na ntụgharị ogologo nke agịga ahụ, nke dị na ụgbọ elu nke symmetry nke agịga ahụ ma dị n'ebe dị anya 10 mm site n'ọnụ nke agịga ahụ ( nsonaazụ na foto 7c).Kpọmkwem, atụnyere nkesa ike ụda nke a na-enyocha na 10°, 20° na 30° oblique angle (acha anụnụ anụnụ, uhie na ahịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, n'otu n'otu) ka atụnyere nkesa dị nso na njedebe dị larịị (ntụgharị ntụpọ ojii).Nkesa ike jikọtara ya na agịga nwere ọnụ ọnụ dị larịị na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe nhịahụ n'etiti etiti agịga ahụ.Karịsịa, ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka 1420 W / m2 n'etiti etiti ahụ, njupụta nke ihe dịka 300 W / m2 n'ebe dị anya nke ~ 8 mm, wee belata uru nke ihe dịka 170 W / m2 na ~ 30 mm. .Ka ọnụ ọnụ ahụ na-atụ aka, etiti lobe na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ lobes nke ike dị iche iche.Kpọmkwem karị, mgbe α dị 30 °, a pụrụ ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti petals atọ na profaịlụ a tụrụ na 1 mm site n'ọnụ ọnụ agịga ahụ.Ebe etiti dị n'etiti etiti agịga ahụ ma nwee atụmatụ atụmatụ nke 1850 W / m2, na nke dị elu n'aka nri dị ihe dịka 19 mm site na etiti wee ruo 2625 W / m2.Na α = 20 °, e nwere 2 isi lobes: otu kwa -12 mm na 1785 W / m2 na otu kwa 14 mm na 1524 W / m2.Mgbe ọnụ na-adịwanye nkọ ma akụkụ ahụ ruru 10 °, a na-enweta ihe dịka 817 W / m2 n'ihe dịka -20 mm, na lobes atọ ọzọ nke ntakịrị ike na-ahụ anya na profaịlụ.
Ọkwa nrụgide ụda na ụgbọ elu nke symmetry y–z nke agịga nwere njedebe dị larịị (a) na 10° bevel (b).(c) Acoustic ike nkesa atụmatụ tinyere a ịkpụ ahịrị perpendicular na longitudinal direction nke agịga, n'ebe dị anya nke 10 mm si n'ọnụ nke agịga na-edina na ụgbọ elu nke symmetry yz.Ogologo L bụ 70 mm na dayameta D bụ 3 mm.
Ejikọtara ọnụ, nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na enwere ike iji agịga ahụike mee ihe nke ọma iji bufee ultrasound na 100 kHz n'ime anụ ahụ dị nro.Ike nke ụda na-agbapụta na-adabere na geometry nke agịga ahụ ma nwee ike ịkwalite ya (n'okpuru njedebe nke ntinye nke ngwaọrụ njedebe) ruo na ụkpụrụ dị na 1000 W / m2 (na 10 mm).etinyere na ala nke agịga 1. N'ihe gbasara micrometer offset, a na-ewere agịga ahụ ka etinyere ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ime anụ ahụ dị nro na-enweghị njedebe.Karịsịa, akụkụ bevel na-emetụta ike na ntụziaka nke mgbasa nke ebili mmiri ụda na anụ ahụ, nke bụ isi na-eduga na orthogonality nke ịkpụ nke n'ọnụ agịga.
Iji kwado mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ tumor ọhụrụ dabere na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị emetụta, a na-enyocha mgbasa nke ultrasound na-adịghị ala ala na gburugburu tumor nke nyocha na nyocha.Karịsịa, na akụkụ mbụ nke ọmụmụ ihe, ihe ngwọta elastodynamic nwa oge nyere anyị ohere ka anyị mụọ agbasasị nke ebili mmiri ultrasonic na spheroids siri ike nke tumor nke a maara nke ọma na isi ike iji nyochaa ugboro ole uche nke oke.Mgbe ahụ, a na-ahọrọ ugboro ole nke usoro narị otu narị kilohertz, na ngwa mpaghara nke nrụgide ịma jijiji na gburugburu tumor site na iji eriri agịga ahụike ka a na-emepụta n'ụdị simulation site n'ịmụ mmetụta nke isi ihe nhazi nke na-ekpebi ịnyefe ụda olu. ike nke ngwá ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na enwere ike iji agịga ahụike mee ihe nke ọma iji mee ka anụ ahụ jiri ultrasound mee ihe, na ike ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na oke geometrical nke agịga ahụ, nke a na-akpọ ogologo wavelength acoustic na-arụ ọrụ.N'ezie, ike nke irradiation site na anụ ahụ na-abawanye na-amụba n'ime ime nke agịga, na-eru kacha mgbe dayameta bụ ugboro atọ wavelength.Ogologo agịga ahụ na-enyekwa ụfọdụ nnwere onwe iji kwalite ikpughe.Nsonaazụ ikpeazụ na-abawanye n'ezie mgbe atọrọ ogologo agịga ka ọ bụrụ ọnụọgụ nke ogologo ogologo ogologo ọrụ (kpọmkwem 4 na 6).N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, maka ọnụọgụ mmasị ugboro ugboro, dayameta kachasị mma na ụkpụrụ ogologo dị nso na nke a na-ejikarị maka agịga azụmahịa ọkọlọtọ.Oghere bevel, nke na-ekpebi ịdị nkọ nke agịga ahụ, na-emetụtakwa ikuku, na-arị elu na ihe dịka 50 Celsius ma na-enye ọrụ dị mma na ihe dịka 10 Celsius, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka agịga azụmahịa..A ga-eji nsonaazụ ịme anwansị mee ihe iji duzie mmejuputa na njikarịcha nke ikpo okwu nyocha intraneedle nke ụlọ ọgwụ, ijikọ diagnostic na ọgwụgwọ ultrasound na usoro ọgwụgwọ ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ yana ịghọta ntinye aka nke ọma nke ọgwụ.
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